Skunk Works to Kmart Innovation

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Operating Recommendations / Kmart Innovation / Source: Kelly's 14 Rules / For triage, not adoption

If Kelly ran Kmart Innovation

Fourteen rules transposed onto your operating reality — in their unfiltered, Skunk-Works-faithful form. You decide what survives contact with retail.

Premise

I have not pre-edited these for political viability.

Kelly's rules were designed to be structurally isolated from the host organisation. Most translations into corporate innovation teams fail because the rules get individually softened until they're indistinguishable from normal operating procedure. The point of this document is to keep them sharp.

Each recommendation states what a faithful translation would look like and flags the friction you'll hit. Three priority bands: NOW (already compatible with your operating model, just do it), NEXT (requires negotiation but achievable in 1–2 cycles), ASPIRATIONAL (requires Kmart structural change you may never get). Adopt, modify, or reject. The triage matrix at the end summarises.

The Fourteen, Translated

14 recommendations / Kelly Johnson's original rules in grey
01
Rule 01 · Authority The Skunk Works manager must be delegated practically complete control of his program in all aspects.
Priority · Next cycle
Recommendation Rotating project leads get unilateral scope, spec, and timing authority. Stakeholders advise; they do not veto.

A rotating project lead with no real authority is a project coordinator. Skunk Works leads ran their programs end-to-end. For each of the 4 projects per cycle, the rotating lead should be the single decision-maker on scope changes, technical direction, and ship/no-ship calls. They report to you. Stakeholders (Kylie, Josh, Sam, Emma, Terry, Treena) get input at defined moments, not approval at every fork.

Friction Retail stakeholders are accustomed to consultation rights on anything touching their P&L domain. You'll need to renegotiate that explicitly at cycle kickoff, not pretend it'll just work.
02
Rule 02 · Structure Strong but small project offices must be provided both by the military and industry.
Priority · Now
Recommendation Every project gets a single named stakeholder counterpart with equivalent decision authority. No counterpart, no project.

The Skunk Works model is contractor + customer in paired structure. For Kmart Innovation, this means each of the 4 projects per cycle needs one stakeholder who is structurally accountable for the outcome on their side, can make decisions in real time, and is in the working channel daily. If no stakeholder will sign up to that, the project should not be in the cycle. Treat this as a gating criterion at intake.

Friction Some of your most interesting opportunities will come from stakeholders unwilling or unable to commit to this model. You'll have to say no to them. That's the point.
03
Rule 03 · Team Size The number of people having any connection with the project must be restricted in an almost vicious manner. Use a small number of good people (10% to 25% compared to so-called normal systems).
Priority · Now
Recommendation Hard cap of three people per project, including the rotating lead. Anyone else is a consultant, not a member.

"Almost vicious" was Kelly's word, not a hedge. If a project genuinely needs more than three, it is not an innovation project; it is a delivery project and should be handed off. The three Innovation Program Managers — covering Business & Ops, Design, and Tech & Data — map cleanly onto a three-person team archetype: one lead + two practice contributors. Pull additional people in for finite consultations only, not as standing members. Visibility into the project is not the same as membership in it.

Friction You may already be smaller than retail averages, but the temptation to add "just one more person who needs to be involved" is constant. The rule exists because growing the team feels generous in the moment and is catastrophic over six months.
04
Rule 04 · Documentation A very simple drawing and drawing release system with great flexibility for making changes must be provided.
Priority · Now
Recommendation One living document per project. No phase-gate deliverables. No deck-driven communication internally.

Replace fixed-stage deliverables (discovery deck, concept deck, recommendation deck) with a single canonical document per project that the team edits continuously and stakeholders read async. The document changes shape as the work changes shape. Heavy decks are inspection theatre — expensive to produce, slow to update, optimised for the meeting in which they're presented rather than for the work. Keep decks for board-level moments only.

Friction Senior stakeholders may equate "no deck for me" with "this project isn't serious." That's a culture battle you'll need to fight stakeholder by stakeholder. The Subtraction Audit framework applies here.
05
Rule 05 · Reporting There must be a minimum number of reports required, but important work must be recorded thoroughly.
Priority · Next cycle
Recommendation Kill the steerco update theatre. Replace with a weekly async log per project — decisions, learnings, what's stuck. Status reports get nothing they don't already have.

Distinguish between two genres that get conflated: status updates (what was done last week — mostly worthless) and decision records (what was decided, by whom, on what evidence — institutional gold). Cut the first to zero. Invest in the second. Pair this with the decision archaeology skill so the rationale survives the project's lifecycle. The Wednesday/Friday sweep cadence is the natural rhythm for this.

Friction Some stakeholders consume status reports as their primary signal that "innovation is happening." Removing them creates a perceived information vacuum even if it's an actual information improvement.
06
Rule 06 · Financials There must be a monthly cost review covering not only what has been spent and committed but also projected costs to the conclusion of the program.
Priority · Next cycle
Recommendation Monthly per-project cost dashboard, including fully-loaded team time at internal rates. Project-to-completion forecast, not just actuals.

Innovation teams hide costs because they don't carry P&L responsibility. That's a comfort, but it's also why innovation teams lose budget the second the business tightens. Voluntarily attribute fully-loaded team time, vendor spend, and infrastructure to each of the 4 projects, and report it monthly to your stakeholder counterparts. Kelly's rule was "don't surprise the customer with sudden overruns" — even when there is no customer paying directly, the discipline protects you.

Friction Internal finance won't model this for you. You'll likely have to build the dashboard yourself with assumed loaded rates. The Tech & Data practice is best positioned to own it.
07
Rule 07 · Procurement The contractor must be delegated more than normal responsibility to get good vendor bids. Commercial bid procedures are very often better than military ones.
Priority · Aspirational
Recommendation Negotiate a light-touch procurement lane for innovation work under a threshold. Skip the standard vendor onboarding for sub-$X engagements.

Wesfarmers / Kmart corporate procurement is built for risk reduction at scale and is fundamentally hostile to short, exploratory vendor engagements. The faithful translation is a pre-approved innovation procurement carve-out: a delegated authority to spend up to $X per engagement on vendors who've been pre-cleared through a lighter process. Without this, the team will continue to be slowed by procurement cycles that exceed the projects themselves.

Severe friction This requires finance + legal + procurement to grant an exception. Few enterprises do. Worth attempting; do not bet the operating model on it.
08
Rule 08 · Inspection Push more basic inspection responsibility back to subcontractors and vendors. Don't duplicate so much inspection.
Priority · Now
Recommendation Trust the Innovation Program Managers. No committee review of work that has already been signed off in their respective domains.

The three-practice structure (Business & Ops, Design, Tech & Data) already implies domain authority. Make it explicit: work signed off by the practice lead doesn't get re-reviewed by a wider panel before it ships. Reviews exist to catch errors; if the practice lead can't catch errors in their own domain, you have a hiring problem, not a process problem. Pair this rule with Rule 14 — the practice leads have to be rewarded for shipping quality, not for being cautious.

Friction Removing committee review removes blame distribution. Practice leads have to be willing to be visibly accountable. Some won't be. Worth knowing.
09
Rule 09 · Test Authority The contractor must be delegated the authority to test his final product in flight. If he doesn't, he rapidly loses his competency to design other vehicles.
Priority · Now
Recommendation The project team runs in-store trials directly. Do not hand off trial execution to operations while the team watches from Head Office.

The team that designed the intervention must be the team in the stores measuring it — physically present for at least the baseline measurement and compliance phases of any trial. If you outsource the testing to store ops, you get cleaned-up data, no contextual signal, and you lose the design competency that makes the next iteration better. Kelly's word was "rapidly" — he meant within one program cycle.

Friction Travel cost and time to stores are real. But the alternative is degraded learning; that cost is invisible and much larger.
10
Rule 10 · Specifications The Skunk Works practice of having a specification section stating clearly which important military specification items will not knowingly be complied with and reasons therefore is highly recommended.
Priority · Now
Recommendation Every project brief includes an explicit "Will Not Comply With" section. Standards, processes, governance you're consciously skipping — with stated reasons.

This is the single highest-leverage rule that costs almost nothing to adopt. At cycle kickoff, each project brief includes a section listing the corporate standards, IT policies, brand guidelines, governance procedures, or methodological norms the project will knowingly not comply with, with one-line justifications. Stakeholders sign off on the exemptions at intake, not at the end. This converts implicit corner-cutting into a negotiated exception — which is what protects the team when the standard's owner finds out.

Friction You may discover that some "exemptions" you've been quietly assuming aren't actually granted. Better to find out at brief time than at launch time.
11
Rule 11 · Funding Funding a program must be timely so that the contractor doesn't have to keep running to the bank to support government projects.
Priority · Next cycle
Recommendation Lock the entire cycle budget at kickoff. Discretionary deployment across the 4 projects without re-approval mid-cycle.

If you have to seek incremental approval for spend within an already-approved cycle, you're paying a tax in calendar time on every adjustment. Negotiate a single cycle budget envelope, with deployment authority across the 4 projects at your discretion. Stakeholders see the report; they do not approve every line. The implicit deal: you guarantee they won't be surprised (Rule 6 covers this), in exchange for not requiring micro-approvals.

Friction Finance teams default to line-item control. Trade them transparency (full monthly cost reporting per Rule 6) for autonomy (envelope-level approval).
12
Rule 12 · Trust There must be mutual trust between the military project organization and the contractor, the very close cooperation and liaison on a day-to-day basis.
Priority · Next cycle
Recommendation Embed stakeholder counterparts in daily working channels. Eliminate monthly steerco as the primary contact mode.

Monthly steercos exist because daily contact has been outsourced to a meeting. Invert: stakeholder counterparts are in the team's Slack / Teams channel daily, see the work in progress, and intervene in real time. Steerco becomes optional or quarterly. The trust isn't built in the steerco; it's built in the daily exposure. Pair this with Rule 2 — if a stakeholder won't commit to daily channel presence, they probably weren't a real counterpart anyway.

Friction Senior stakeholders' calendars don't accommodate daily channel attention. The honest version is that some counterparts will be "the right stakeholder" and some will need to delegate to a deputy who actually has the time.
13
Rule 13 · Access Control Access by outsiders to the project and its personnel must be strictly controlled by appropriate security measures.
Priority · Now
Recommendation One named interruption buffer per project. All external "quick questions" route through them, not the team. Mornings are inviolable.

Skunk Works secrecy wasn't paranoia; it was a productivity tool. The team needed long uninterrupted work blocks. Corporate equivalent: each project has a named buffer (likely the rotating lead) who fields all external questions, status pings, and "got a sec?" interruptions. The other two team members are protected. This is consistent with your existing morning-calibration / offence-defence split: enforce it at the team level, not just personally. The async-first philosophy is the structural defence.

Friction Some stakeholders will resent being filtered. The buffer needs to be senior enough that being routed through them doesn't feel like a snub.
14
Rule 14 · Incentive Design Because only a few people will be used in engineering and most other areas, ways must be provided to reward good performance by pay not based on the number of personnel supervised.
Priority · Aspirational
Recommendation Innovation Program Managers' performance & comp is tied to what their practice shipped and learned, never to team size. Refuse the empire-building incentive.

Most enterprise HR comp bands reward people for headcount under management. That is the exact opposite of Rule 3. The faithful translation requires explicit advocacy at the HR / comp level: practice leads should be banded by impact, not by reports. Until that changes, the second-best version is your own behaviour — you visibly reward shipping and learning, you visibly do not reward "I'd like another headcount." The team reads this fast.

Friction Wesfarmers / Kmart job architecture probably correlates band level with team size. Fighting this at the HR level is a multi-year campaign. Fighting it culturally inside your team is immediate and free.

The Unwritten 15th

For your discretion / not in the original list
15
Rule 15 · Customer Selection Starve before doing business with the Navy.
Priority · Aspirational
Recommendation Identify your "Navy," then politely refuse their work. The team's hit rate is a function of stakeholder quality as much as team quality.

Kelly's 15th rule wasn't about competence. The Navy didn't know what it wanted and couldn't make decisions quickly. The Skunk Works thrived on customers who could (CIA on the U-2, USAF on the SR-71). It failed with customers who couldn't. The faithful translation for Kmart Innovation is harder to say out loud: there are stakeholders whose function in your operating model is "the Navy." They are likely senior, well-intentioned, and important. They commission projects, change their minds, slow decisions, and reduce the team's hit rate.

  • Map your stakeholders by decision velocity, not by seniority. Some senior people decide fast; some don't.
  • Use the cycle intake to quietly de-prioritise work commissioned by slow-decision stakeholders, even when it looks strategically valuable.
  • If you can't refuse the work, compress the surface area — smaller scope, more explicit "Will Not Do" (Rule 10), tighter time-box.
Friction This is the one rule you cannot openly adopt. It has to live as a private filter applied during intake, never as a stated policy. Document the pattern privately; act on it quietly.

What Would Actually Have to Change

Hard truths / for your eyes
i.

Skunk Works was structurally sealed off. You're not.

Kelly reported to a division president and was kept outside Lockheed's normal approval flows by design. Your team sits inside a retail enterprise that has legitimate reasons to want consultation rights, governance compliance, and information flow. Most of these rules don't transplant unless you and your direct executive co-sponsor explicitly negotiate the isolation.

The honest version: You can probably get 60–70% of the operating discipline without the isolation. The remaining 30–40% requires structural authority you may not have.

ii.

The rules are a system, not a menu.

Picking three favourites and ignoring the rest will not work. Rule 3 (small team) only survives because Rule 14 (no headcount incentive) removes the empire-building drive. Rule 5 (minimal reports) only survives because Rule 12 (daily liaison) gives stakeholders information through other channels. Adopt the related rules together or expect the isolated rule to erode within a cycle.

The pairs: 3+14, 5+12, 1+2, 8+9, 6+11.

iii.

Speed is the validation, not the goal.

The XP-80's 143-day delivery wasn't the point of Skunk Works; it was the consequence of the operating model. If you adopt these rules and projects don't measurably accelerate, the rules aren't working — or you're applying them in form but not substance. The honest metric is cycle time from intake to validated learning, not adherence to the rules themselves.

Baseline now, measure in two cycles.

iv.

The hardest rule for you specifically is 13.

Based on how your operating philosophy is already wired — async-first, deep-work-protected, morning-calibration — you've already adopted Rule 13 personally. Translating it to the team means letting the Innovation Program Managers also be structurally protected from interruption, including from you. The buffer needs to absorb your own pings as well as stakeholder pings.

This is the smallest behavioural change with the largest team-level impact.

Triage Matrix

14 rules / ranked for you
#
Recommendation
Priority
02
Named stakeholder counterpart per projectNo counterpart, no project. Gating criterion at intake.
Now
03
Hard three-person team capMore than three = not innovation, hand off.
Now
04
One living document per project, no phase-gate decksReplace deck-driven communication internally.
Now
08
No committee review on signed-off workTrust Innovation Program Managers in their domains.
Now
09
Team runs in-store trials directlyDo not outsource flight-test to store ops.
Now
10
"Will Not Comply With" section in every briefHighest leverage, lowest cost rule to adopt.
Now
13
Named interruption buffer per projectIncluding buffering you. Protects mornings team-wide.
Now
01
Project leads get unilateral scope/spec/timingRenegotiate consultation rights at kickoff.
Next
05
Async log replaces steerco theatrePair with Rule 12 to avoid info vacuum.
Next
06
Monthly per-project cost dashboard, fully-loadedTech & Data practice owns the build.
Next
11
Cycle budget envelope, discretionary deploymentTrade transparency for autonomy.
Next
12
Daily stakeholder presence in working channelsSteerco becomes optional or quarterly.
Next
07
Light-touch innovation procurement laneRequires finance + legal + procurement carve-out.
Aspirational
14
Practice-lead comp decoupled from headcountMulti-year HR battle. Adopt culturally now.
Aspirational